Monday, October 31, 2011

Examples in Each Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.
With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages
HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started

What You Need

You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.

You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site

Editing HTML

HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.

Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.

You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag *	Element content	End tag *
<p>	This is a paragraph	</p>
<a href="default.htm" >	This is a link	</a>
<br />

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Remark

Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:

Attribute	Value	Description
class	classname	Specifies a classname for an element
id	id	Specifies a unique id for an element
style	style_definition	Specifies an inline style for an element
title	tooltip_text	Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about standard attributes:

HTML Headings

Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines

The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.

The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>

HTML Comments

Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:

Example

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.

Tag	Description
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<body>	Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<hr />	Defines a horizontal line
<!-->	Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs

HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML applications.

HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.

HTML Tag Reference

t HTML elements and their attributes.

Tag	Description
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br />	Inserts a single line break

HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic

This is computer output

This is_subscript and ^superscript

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).

	Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.

However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:

<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.

<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag	Description
<b>	Defines bold text
<big>	Defines big text
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<i>	Defines italic text
<small>	Defines small text
<strong>	Defines strong text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag	Description
<code>	Defines computer code text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<samp>	Defines sample computer code
<tt>	Defines teletype text
<var>	Defines a variable
<pre>	Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag	Description
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<acronym>	Defines an acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo>	Defines the text direction
<blockquote>	Defines a long quotation
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<cite>	Defines a citation
<dfn>	Defines a definition term

HTML Fonts

The HTML <font> Tag Should NOT be Used

The <font> tag is deprecated in HTML 4, and removed from HTML5.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations.
In HTML 4, style sheets (CSS) should be used to define the layout and display properties for many HTML elements.
The example below shows how the HTML could look by using the <font> tag:

Example

<p>
<font size="5" face="arial" color="red">
This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color.
</font>
</p>

<p>
<font size="3" face="verdana" color="blue">
This paragraph is in Verdana, size 3, and in blue text color.
</font>
</p>

HTML Styles - CSS

CSS is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

This text is in Verdana and red

This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high

Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements.
CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:

in separate style sheet files (CSS files)
in the style element in the HTML head section
in the style attribute in single HTML elements

Using the HTML Style Attribute

It is time consuming and not very practical to style HTML elements using the style attribute.
The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files.
However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example

<html>

<body style="background-color:yellow;">
<h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example

<html>

<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future versions of HTML.
Remark

The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes!
These tags and attributes should be avoided:

Tags	Description
<center>	Deprecated. Defines centered content
<font> and <basefont>	Deprecated. Defines HTML fonts
<s> and <strike>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text
<u>	Deprecated. Defines underlined text
Attributes	Description
align	Deprecated. Defines the alignment of text
bgcolor	Deprecated. Defines the background color
color	Deprecated. Defines the text color

For all of the above: Use styles instead!

HTML Links

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag.
The <a> tag can be used in two ways:

To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute
To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example

which will display like this: Visit my blog
Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to my blog
Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:

Example

<a href="http://lean-html-easy-way.blogspot.com/">Visit my blog</a>

HTML Links - The name Attribute

The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor.
The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.
Note: The upcoming HTML5 standard suggest using the id attribute instead of the name attribute for specifying the name of an anchor. Using the id attribute actually works also for HTML4 in all modern browsers.
Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example

A named anchor inside an HTML document:

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:

<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".
Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document.

HTML Link Tags

Tag	Description
<a>	Defines an anchor

HTML Images

Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:

Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

HTML Image Tags

Tag	Description
<img />	Defines an image
<map>	Defines an image-map
<area />	Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Tables

Apples	44%
Bananas	23%
Oranges	13%
Other	10%

Try it Yourself - Examples

Tables
How to create tables in an HTML document.
Table borders
How to specify different table borders.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables

Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1	row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1	row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
All major browsers will display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How the HTML code above looks in your browser:

Header 1	Header 2
row 1, cell 1	row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1	row 2, cell 2

HTML Table Tags

Tag	Description
<table>	Defines a table
<th>	Defines a table header
<tr>	Defines a table row
<td>	Defines a table cell
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<colgroup>	Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting
<col />	Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Lists

The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

HTML Lists

An ordered list:

The first list item
The second list item
The third list item

An unordered list:

List item
List item
List item

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list):

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee: - black hot drink
Milk: - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

HTML List Tags

Tag	Description
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines an item in a definition list
<dd>	Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the input element.
The input element is used to select user information.
An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most used input types are described below.

Text Fields

<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field

<input type="password" /> defines a password field:

<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br />
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Submit Button

<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

HTML Form Tags

Tag	Description
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<input />	Defines an input control
<textarea>	Defines a multi-line text input control
<label>	Defines a label for an input element
<fieldset>	Defines a border around elements in a form
<legend>	Defines a caption for a fieldset element
<select>	Defines a select list (drop-down list)
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a select list
<option>	Defines an option in a select list
<button>	Defines a push button

HTML Frames

With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.
The disadvantages of using frames are:

Frames are not expected to be supported in future versions of HTML
Frames are difficult to use. (Printing the entire page is difficult).
The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents

The HTML frameset Element

The frameset element holds one or more frame elements. Each frame element can hold a separate document.
The frameset element states HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset, and HOW MUCH percentage/pixels of space will occupy each of them.

The HTML frame Element

The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset.
In the example below we have a frameset with two columns.
The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:

Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag.
Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.
Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

HTML Iframes

An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax for adding an iframe:

The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example

Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe.
Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example

Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.
The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example

HTML iframe Tag

Tag	Description
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)

Iframe

An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax for adding an iframe:

The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example

Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe.
Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example

Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.
The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example

HTML iframe Tag

Tag	Description
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Colors

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values

HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values

Color	Color HEX	Color RGB
	#000000	rgb(0,0,0)
	#FF0000	rgb(255,0,0)
	#00FF00	rgb(0,255,0)
	#0000FF	rgb(0,0,255)
	#FFFF00	rgb(255,255,0)
	#00FFFF	rgb(0,255,255)
	#FF00FF	rgb(255,0,255)
	#C0C0C0	rgb(192,192,192)
	#FFFFFF	rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself »

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256).
If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.
To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below.

Red Light	Color HEX	Color RGB
	#000000	rgb(0,0,0)
	#080000	rgb(8,0,0)
	#100000	rgb(16,0,0)
	#180000	rgb(24,0,0)
	#200000	rgb(32,0,0)
	#280000	rgb(40,0,0)
	#300000	rgb(48,0,0)
	#380000	rgb(56,0,0)
	#400000	rgb(64,0,0)
	#480000	rgb(72,0,0)
	#500000	rgb(80,0,0)
	#580000	rgb(88,0,0)
	#600000	rgb(96,0,0)
	#680000	rgb(104,0,0)
	#700000	rgb(112,0,0)
	#780000	rgb(120,0,0)
	#800000	rgb(128,0,0)
	#880000	rgb(136,0,0)
	#900000	rgb(144,0,0)
	#980000	rgb(152,0,0)
	#A00000	rgb(160,0,0)
	#A80000	rgb(168,0,0)
	#B00000	rgb(176,0,0)
	#B80000	rgb(184,0,0)
	#C00000	rgb(192,0,0)
	#C80000	rgb(200,0,0)
	#D00000	rgb(208,0,0)
	#D80000	rgb(216,0,0)
	#E00000	rgb(224,0,0)
	#E80000	rgb(232,0,0)
	#F00000	rgb(240,0,0)
	#F80000	rgb(248,0,0)
	#FF0000	rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray

Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources.
To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you:

Gray Shades	Color HEX	Color RGB
	#000000	rgb(0,0,0)
	#080808	rgb(8,8,8)
	#101010	rgb(16,16,16)
	#181818	rgb(24,24,24)
	#202020	rgb(32,32,32)
	#282828	rgb(40,40,40)
	#303030	rgb(48,48,48)
	#383838	rgb(56,56,56)
	#404040	rgb(64,64,64)
	#484848	rgb(72,72,72)
	#505050	rgb(80,80,80)
	#585858	rgb(88,88,88)
	#606060	rgb(96,96,96)
	#686868	rgb(104,104,104)
	#707070	rgb(112,112,112)
	#787878	rgb(120,120,120)
	#808080	rgb(128,128,128)
	#888888	rgb(136,136,136)
	#909090	rgb(144,144,144)
	#989898	rgb(152,152,152)
	#A0A0A0	rgb(160,160,160)
	#A8A8A8	rgb(168,168,168)
	#B0B0B0	rgb(176,176,176)
	#B8B8B8	rgb(184,184,184)
	#C0C0C0	rgb(192,192,192)
	#C8C8C8	rgb(200,200,200)
	#D0D0D0	rgb(208,208,208)
	#D8D8D8	rgb(216,216,216)
	#E0E0E0	rgb(224,224,224)
	#E8E8E8	rgb(232,232,232)
	#F0F0F0	rgb(240,240,240)
	#F8F8F8	rgb(248,248,248)
	#FFFFFF	rgb(255,255,255)

Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.
The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette.
This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list:

000000	000033	000066	000099	0000CC	0000FF
003300	003333	003366	003399	0033CC	0033FF
006600	006633	006666	006699	0066CC	0066FF
009900	009933	009966	009999	0099CC	0099FF
00CC00	00CC33	00CC66	00CC99	00CCCC	00CCFF
00FF00	00FF33	00FF66	00FF99	00FFCC	00FFFF
330000	330033	330066	330099	3300CC	3300FF
333300	333333	333366	333399	3333CC	3333FF
336600	336633	336666	336699	3366CC	3366FF
339900	339933	339966	339999	3399CC	3399FF
33CC00	33CC33	33CC66	33CC99	33CCCC	33CCFF
33FF00	33FF33	33FF66	33FF99	33FFCC	33FFFF
660000	660033	660066	660099	6600CC	6600FF
663300	663333	663366	663399	6633CC	6633FF
666600	666633	666666	666699	6666CC	6666FF
669900	669933	669966	669999	6699CC	6699FF
66CC00	66CC33	66CC66	66CC99	66CCCC	66CCFF
66FF00	66FF33	66FF66	66FF99	66FFCC	66FFFF
990000	990033	990066	990099	9900CC	9900FF
993300	993333	993366	993399	9933CC	9933FF
996600	996633	996666	996699	9966CC	9966FF
999900	999933	999966	999999	9999CC	9999FF
99CC00	99CC33	99CC66	99CC99	99CCCC	99CCFF
99FF00	99FF33	99FF66	99FF99	99FFCC	99FFFF
CC0000	CC0033	CC0066	CC0099	CC00CC	CC00FF
CC3300	CC3333	CC3366	CC3399	CC33CC	CC33FF
CC6600	CC6633	CC6666	CC6699	CC66CC	CC66FF
CC9900	CC9933	CC9966	CC9999	CC99CC	CC99FF
CCCC00	CCCC33	CCCC66	CCCC99	CCCCCC	CCCCFF
CCFF00	CCFF33	CCFF66	CCFF99	CCFFCC	CCFFFF
FF0000	FF0033	FF0066	FF0099	FF00CC	FF00FF
FF3300	FF3333	FF3366	FF3399	FF33CC	FF33FF
FF6600	FF6633	FF6666	FF6699	FF66CC	FF66FF
FF9900	FF9933	FF9966	FF9999	FF99CC	FF99FF
FFCC00	FFCC33	FFCC66	FFCC99	FFCCCC	FFCCFF
FFFF00	FFFF33	FFFF66	FFFF99	FFFFCC	FFFFFF

Color Test

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values.
Remark

Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:

Junaid Color Test

The background color of the table below is: "#FFFFFF", shown together with different text colors.

Colorname	HEX	RGB
AliceBlue	F0F8FF	240,248,255
AntiqueWhite	FAEBD7	250,235,215
Aqua	00FFFF	0,255,255
Aquamarine	7FFFD4	127,255,212
Azure	F0FFFF	240,255,255
Beige	F5F5DC	245,245,220
Bisque	FFE4C4	255,228,196
Black	000000	0,0,0
BlanchedAlmond	FFEBCD	255,235,205
Blue	0000FF	0,0,255
BlueViolet	8A2BE2	138,43,226
Brown	A52A2A	165,42,42
BurlyWood	DEB887	222,184,135
CadetBlue	5F9EA0	95,158,160
Chartreuse	7FFF00	127,255,0
Chocolate	D2691E	210,105,30
Coral	FF7F50	255,127,80
CornflowerBlue	6495ED	100,149,237
Cornsilk	FFF8DC	255,248,220
Crimson	DC143C	220,20,60
Cyan	00FFFF	0,255,255
DarkBlue	00008B	0,0,139
DarkCyan	008B8B	0,139,139
DarkGoldenRod	B8860B	184,134,11
DarkGray	A9A9A9	169,169,169
DarkGrey	A9A9A9	169,169,169
DarkGreen	006400	0,100,0
DarkKhaki	BDB76B	189,183,107
DarkMagenta	8B008B	139,0,139
DarkOliveGreen	556B2F	85,107,47
Darkorange	FF8C00	255,140,0
DarkOrchid	9932CC	153,50,204
DarkRed	8B0000	139,0,0
DarkSalmon	E9967A	233,150,122
DarkSeaGreen	8FBC8F	143,188,143
DarkSlateBlue	483D8B	72,61,139
DarkSlateGray	2F4F4F	47,79,79
DarkSlateGrey	2F4F4F	47,79,79
DarkTurquoise	00CED1	0,206,209
DarkViolet	9400D3	148,0,211
DeepPink	FF1493	255,20,147
DeepSkyBlue	00BFFF	0,191,255
DimGray	696969	105,105,105
DimGrey	696969	105,105,105
DodgerBlue	1E90FF	30,144,255
FireBrick	B22222	178,34,34
FloralWhite	FFFAF0	255,250,240
ForestGreen	228B22	34,139,34
Fuchsia	FF00FF	255,0,255
Gainsboro	DCDCDC	220,220,220
GhostWhite	F8F8FF	248,248,255
Gold	FFD700	255,215,0
GoldenRod	DAA520	218,165,32
Gray	808080	128,128,128
Grey	808080	128,128,128
Green	008000	0,128,0
GreenYellow	ADFF2F	173,255,47
HoneyDew	F0FFF0	240,255,240
HotPink	FF69B4	255,105,180
IndianRed	CD5C5C	205,92,92
Indigo	4B0082	75,0,130
Ivory	FFFFF0	255,255,240
Khaki	F0E68C	240,230,140
Lavender	E6E6FA	230,230,250
LavenderBlush	FFF0F5	255,240,245
LawnGreen	7CFC00	124,252,0
LemonChiffon	FFFACD	255,250,205
LightBlue	ADD8E6	173,216,230
LightCoral	F08080	240,128,128
LightCyan	E0FFFF	224,255,255
LightGoldenRodYellow	FAFAD2	250,250,210
LightGray	D3D3D3	211,211,211
LightGrey	D3D3D3	211,211,211
LightGreen	90EE90	144,238,144
LightPink	FFB6C1	255,182,193
LightSalmon	FFA07A	255,160,122
LightSeaGreen	20B2AA	32,178,170
LightSkyBlue	87CEFA	135,206,250
LightSlateGray	778899	119,136,153
LightSlateGrey	778899	119,136,153
LightSteelBlue	B0C4DE	176,196,222
LightYellow	FFFFE0	255,255,224
Lime	00FF00	0,255,0
LimeGreen	32CD32	50,205,50
Linen	FAF0E6	250,240,230
Magenta	FF00FF	255,0,255
Maroon	800000	128,0,0
MediumAquaMarine	66CDAA	102,205,170
MediumBlue	0000CD	0,0,205
MediumOrchid	BA55D3	186,85,211
MediumPurple	9370D8	147,112,219
MediumSeaGreen	3CB371	60,179,113
MediumSlateBlue	7B68EE	123,104,238
MediumSpringGreen	00FA9A	0,250,154
MediumTurquoise	48D1CC	72,209,204
MediumVioletRed	C71585	199,21,133
MidnightBlue	191970	25,25,112
MintCream	F5FFFA	245,255,250
MistyRose	FFE4E1	255,228,225
Moccasin	FFE4B5	255,228,181
NavajoWhite	FFDEAD	255,222,173
Navy	000080	0,0,128
OldLace	FDF5E6	253,245,230
Olive	808000	128,128,0
OliveDrab	6B8E23	107,142,35
Orange	FFA500	255,165,0
OrangeRed	FF4500	255,69,0
Orchid	DA70D6	218,112,214
PaleGoldenRod	EEE8AA	238,232,170
PaleGreen	98FB98	152,251,152
PaleTurquoise	AFEEEE	175,238,238
PaleVioletRed	D87093	219,112,147
PapayaWhip	FFEFD5	255,239,213
PeachPuff	FFDAB9	255,218,185
Peru	CD853F	205,133,63
Pink	FFC0CB	255,192,203
Plum	DDA0DD	221,160,221
PowderBlue	B0E0E6	176,224,230
Purple	800080	128,0,128
Red	FF0000	255,0,0
RosyBrown	BC8F8F	188,143,143
RoyalBlue	4169E1	65,105,225
SaddleBrown	8B4513	139,69,19
Salmon	FA8072	250,128,114
SandyBrown	F4A460	244,164,96
SeaGreen	2E8B57	46,139,87
SeaShell	FFF5EE	255,245,238
Sienna	A0522D	160,82,45
Silver	C0C0C0	192,192,192
SkyBlue	87CEEB	135,206,235
SlateBlue	6A5ACD	106,90,205
SlateGray	708090	112,128,144
SlateGrey	708090	112,128,144
Snow	FFFAFA	255,250,250
SpringGreen	00FF7F	0,255,127
SteelBlue	4682B4	70,130,180
Tan	D2B48C	210,180,140
Teal	008080	0,128,128
Thistle	D8BFD8	216,191,216
Tomato	FF6347	255,99,71
Turquoise	40E0D0	64,224,208
Violet	EE82EE	238,130,238
Wheat	F5DEB3	245,222,179
White	FFFFFF	255,255,255
WhiteSmoke	F5F5F5	245,245,245
Yellow	FFFF00	255,255,0
YellowGreen	9ACD32	154,205,50

Home

Monday, October 31, 2011

HTML Tutorial

Examples in Each Chapter

Example

HTML Introduction

Example

What is HTML?

HTML Tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

Example Explained

HTML - Getting Started

What You Need

Editing HTML

Create Your Own Test Web

Use Your Test Web For Learning

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

HTML Headings

Example

HTML Paragraphs

Example

HTML Links

Example

HTML Images

Example

HTML Elements

HTML Elements

HTML Element Syntax

Nested HTML Elements

HTML Document Example

HTML Example Explained

Don't Forget the End Tag

Empty HTML Elements

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML Attributes

HTML Attributes

Attribute Example

Example

Always Quote Attribute Values

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

HTML Attributes Reference

HTML Headings

Example

Headings Are Important

HTML Lines

Example

HTML Comments

Example

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

HTML Tag Reference

HTML Paragraphs

Example

Don't Forget the End Tag

Example

HTML Line Breaks

Example

<br> or <br />

HTML Output - Useful Tips

HTML Tag Reference

HTML Text Formatting

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

HTML Fonts

The HTML <font> Tag Should NOT be Used

Example

HTML Styles - CSS

Look! Styles and colors

Styling HTML with CSS

Using the HTML Style Attribute

HTML Style Example - Background Color

Example

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

Example

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

Example

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

HTML Links